EFL Writing Issues

EFL Writing Issues Order Description literature review that should be analytical and the studies should be synthesized. It should not be descriptive. I will get my FULL refund if the writer does not follow the instructions and the work is not satisfactory. Section one Students and teachers’ suggestions to reduce the difficulties faced by EFL students in English writing [9 pages] The details below The perceived suggestions below are highlighted by the participating students and teachers in my study. I presented them here to make it easy for you how the section of suggestion in literature review should be so that I can relate it to the discussion section. You know that when I discuss the results I will relate the discussion to the lit review. The reviewing studies should include studies on suggestions by teachers and students to reduce English writing difficulties/ improve English writing/ increase students’ performance in writing/ enhance motivation …etc. The context should be from English as a foreign language contexts such as Asia “China Japan Thailand” Africa and Europe and Arab context. In addition to the suggested solutions by the key scholars in the field of L2 writing, I need studies that have students’ and teachers’ perceptions about their suggested solutions to the difficulties in English writing because I want to relate them to the discussion part. For example, my finidings suggest that one solution to students problems is to have an active role in classroom. This agrees with the findings of the studies done by ( Brown, 2007; hdhhfhfhhfhf) Perceived suggestions: 1- language use, [ one page] I think u need to start with the importance of learning language function and not just focus on learning the form of the language “linguistic knowledge” as it is the case in many foreign language contexts. Then, Debate between scholars about which should be emphasised “language function or language form” when learning English generally and writing specifically. Also, other scholar argue that balance is needed between the language form and language function. [ it should be brief]. Then you present studies that suggested language function is important for helping students reduce their writing problems or improve their writing, or specifically improve their use of grammar and vocabulary. ( open brackets and put all the relevant studies that suggested this idea or theme .Then choose one or two interesting studies to review it in terms of the purpose of study, number of participants, methods used, and the relevant findings of the study ““not all of the findings “ just report that emphasized the importance of language function as a solution to problems]. Then you add my voice as a writer + evaluate the studies by drawing the conclusions from these studies. For example, these studies just focused on the language functions or these studies only focused on university level students or these studies were just quantitative studies or these studies used small samples…etc Then you add one or two studies that are contradictory with the previous studies. I mean you present studies that saying learning language function is not enough for improving English or is not effective or sth like that. Then you add my voice as mentioned earlier and evaluate the studies briefly “ may be one or two sentences are enough. U r expert and know how to do it. Then present one or two studies that ask for balancing the language form and language function. Please in a very brief way and u should be economic with words. I mean it should not be wordy. [ The studies should be from EFL contexts, present the similarities and differences between them, drawing conclusions from them, importantly, present the studies form the Arab context.. I presented the findings of my study below for you to understand the context and then , as u know, these reviewed study will help me in discussion chapter. For example, I will say the findings of my study agree with ( Brown, 2007; Nunan, 1999] and disagree with [ Harmer, 2007; paul, 2015] From the findings of my study. For example, all students believed that they want to learn grammatical rules and vocabulary communicatively “functionally”. As one student commented: We know the meaning but we do not know how to use it correctly in different contexts in English writing 2- Syllabus: [ one page] I mean by syllabus “textbook” Start with a very brief definition “one sentence” or the importance of curriculum/syllabus in reducing students problems in English writing / improve English proficiency etc. ( open brackets and put all the relevant studies that suggested this idea or theme that improving curriculum is important for reducing students challenges and improve their English writing] .Then choose one or two interesting studies to to review it in terms of the purpose of study, number of participants, methods used, and the relevant findings of the study “not all of the findings” just report that emphasize improving the curriculum. Then, you should include the studies or the scholars who stress the importance of the issues below because these issues are the findings of my study. Therefore, I can cite them in my discussion chapter. The issues or sub-themes in my study are: - The students and teachers suggested the topic in the curriculum “textbooks” should be relevant to students’ lives “authenticity” so that student can learn better or difficulties in their English can be lessened when they write about topics relevant to their lives. Also it increases their motivation - Curriculum sequence . For example, they suggested the curriculum should be suitable for students’ proficiency levels and the lessons should be sequenced from easy to difficult, claiming too much revision and repetition exists in the current curriculum. - Attractive and interesting curriculum. (it should be supported with “pictures, audio and video aids”) As I said, these are the suggestions by the participants of my study so that these issues should be included in the lit review. Please, present the similarities and the differences between the studies. EFL contexts such as china, Japan, Iran, Eurpoe, Africa. Imortantly, Arab context. The same instructions mentioned in “Language function” are applicable to all the work. 3- Production: [ one page] means [ create their own sentences and own compositions] I need studies talk about how giving the students the chance to create their own senteces and compositions is a solution to their problems in English writing. “The findings showed that students perceived their writing performance would improve significantly if they created their own English compositions. They consider that an overemphasis on memorisation contributed to their problems in English writing and believed that it does not help them to use their English skills fluently. More specifically, they do not want to just imitate a model with no input of their own; rather, they stressed the importance of production and creation of their own sentences, ideas and compositions. The same instruction mentioned above. 4- extra English classes / lessons [ one page] The same instructions as mentioned above. Starts with the importance of having extra English classes and how they improved learning English. Present studies that highlight this idea in EFL context, Arab context, [ open beackets and list all the studies]. Then, present the similarities and differences between them “ u may choose one in each to talk more about them, add my voice, evaluate and draw conclusion from these studies. The findings of my study may help you to understand the context : The students believed that the number of English classes does not meet many thier expectations and may not help them in acquiring better English writing skills. They need more classes to practice more . The teachers also supported this justifying the extra classes will help students practise more and give the teachers the chance to present more activities and give them feedback. 5- practice [ one page] The same instructions as mentioned above. Starts with the importance of practising writing in English, practising using their vocabulary, practising spelling, practising etc. and how they improved learning English. Present studies that highlight this idea in EFL context, Arab context, [ open bracket and list all the studies]. Then, present the similarities and differences between them “ u may choose one in each side to talk more about them, add my voice, evaluate and draw conclusion from these studies. The findings of my study: The participating students and teachers suggested [the need to practice their English inside and outside the classroom”, practice using the new vocabulary and the grammatical rules they had learnt in different contexts”, “practice spelling”, “practice writing free paragraphs”, “practice English inside the class” and that they “needed to practise writing on a continuous level”. 6- Past learning/educational experiences in English [ one page] The same instructions as mentioned above. Starts with the importance of previous learning experiences in improving English including writing . Present studies that highlight this idea in EFL context, Arab context, [ open brackets and list all the studies]. Then, present the similarities and differences between them “ u may choose one in each side to talk more about them, add my voice, evaluate and draw conclusion from these studies. The findings of my study: Some students said that they should learn English from early childhood, while others mentioned that they should “learn from the third year level in the elementary school”. However, most indicated learning English from the first year level in the elementary school. This implies that students without a strong foundation will most certainly face challenges in meeting the requirements of English at the secondary school level, where they must write a paragraph, yet they seem incapable of writing a complete sentence correctly. Perhaps this is why some suggested learning the basics as early as possible. However, the reality is that some secondary students are not conversant with all the English letters, let alone writing complete sentences correctly. 7- teachers-and teaching This theme has sub-themes. The same instructions as mentioned above. Start with the importance of teachers and their teaching practices in improving English including writing. Present studies that highlight this idea in EFL context, Arab context [ open brackets and list all the studies]. Then, present the similarities and differences between them “ u may choose one in each side to talk more about them, add my voice, evaluate and draw conclusion from these studies. the findings are below. Each sub-theme should have reviewed studies. The same instructions apply in terms of synthesising the studies, highlighting the similarities and differences, add my voice, draw conclusions of the studies …etc. 1. Teacher training [ one page] Students indicated that teachers’ training could have a positive impact on students’ learning outcomes. Students pointed out that teachers should be trained in how to teach, improve their teaching styles/techniques/methods/practices Interestingly, teachers emphasized this and stressed that they need training in teaching English generally and writing specifically 2. teaching practices [ 2 pages each issue half a page] A- Generally, this section need to discuss how improving the teaching techniques will help reduce students’ English writing problems. This means that teachers should improve their teaching practices/techniques/methods/strategies/styles..etc. Then specifically, talk about how the teachers should [ Half a page] 1- Varying teaching practices[ half a page] that using the same routine of teaching English could demotivate students. Students indicated that teachers should vary their teaching styles/ techniques . 2-) Using technology[ half a page] students suggested using technology to enhance motivation in the English lessons. students want to learn from authentic everyday resources via technology because it is motivating. 2- Using games[ half a page] all students agreed that games would help motivate them and improve their command of the language .games help keep them engaged and actively learning. They also indicate that when games are challenging, learning may become more motivating. [The same instructions, mentioned above, apply.] ======================================================== Section Two A Section on Capitalisation [ one page] Just talk about difficulties in using capitalisations correctly when writing in English. For example, research findings suggest that capitalisation is one of the challenges faced by efl students ( hjdbvekjvkjv). Reviewing studies about the perceived difficulties EFL students face in English writing in from a variety of contexts, As in the other instructions. Highlight Asian, European and African contexts then Arab context For example: capitalisation is ……..” brief definition”. Or its function and importance.. Then you present studies that indicated punctuation is considered one of the issues faced by EFL/ESL students “ you senthesize the studies then present the debate between scholar whether it is considered difficult or not. Focus on the studies that ranking the difficulties among efl students. Some studies mentioned capitalisation is considered the least difficulty, others said they have the highest or most frequently error area, other said indicated that EFL students have no difficulties in capitalisation. Most importantly, the arab context. highlight the similarities and differences between them “ u may choose one in each side to talk more about them, add my voice, evaluate and draw conclusion from these studies. There is an important issue which is presenting studies compared between students’ perceptions of difficulty in using punctuations and students’ writing samples “the reality of their errors”. Because I need to relate them to my findings in the discussion. The findings of my study is: All students and teachers agreed that students have no problems in using capitalisation. However, their writing samples revealed the opposite. Students had many errors in capitalisation Section Three A- Sections on correlations between parents’ educational levels and students’ achievement/ performance/ English writing difficulties [ one page] Specifically, the relationship between the parents’ education and the perceived difficulties EFL students face in English writing. . I think we should start by a statement showing the importance of parents education and it effect on students’ performance ( just put references of the scholar who said that) then reviewing the studies related to education generally then learning English then writing skills please just mentions the relation with references. The reviewing studies should show the debate between scholars about the relationship between parents’ education and difficulties in English writing/ achievements in English writing/ performance in English writing/ performance in learning English/. Some studies found relations other did not. Also, the context is very important. Start generally then (Aisan, African, eurpoean contexts) then Arab context. I do not mean that u should present studies from each context but u know the reviewing should be comprehensive and analytical. Please add my voice, draw the conclusions from the studies. Please remember to present the debate. Some studies found correlations others not. These instructions are applicable to the other issues below. B- section on extra classes in English and English writing difficulties [ one page] Specifically, The relationship between extra English classes/lessons outside the classroom/tutoring and the perceived difficulties EFL students face in English writing? The same instructions in the above section about the correlations between parents’ education and English writing difficulties. For example, there is a negative correlation between having extra English courses/lessons/tutoring outside the classroom and difficulties in English writing. It means the more students have extra English classes outside the classroom, the less difficulties they have in their English writing. The same instructions in section three (A) apply here. Section Four A-section on gender differences [ one page] The difference between EFL male and female secondary school students in the perceived difficulties they face in English writing. The reviewing studies should show the debate between scholars about the gender differences regarding difficulties in English writing/ achievements in English writing/ performance in English writing/ performance in learning English .Some studies found differences other did not. Also, the context is very important. Start generally then (Asian, African, European contexts) then Arab context. I do not mean that u should present studies from each context but u know the reviewing should be comprehensive and analytical. Please add my voice, draw the conclusions from the studies. Remember: The reviewing studies should highlight the debate between scholars as some studies indicate there is a significant difference others indicate no difference.. B- Section on year levels and difficulties [ one page] The difference between EFL secondary school students in the three different year levels regarding the perceived difficulties they face in English writing. The same instruction in “gender differences”. My findings showed no difference between year levels regarding their difficulties in English writing. Section five Sections on the contributing factors to the English writing difficulties My research question is: What are the contributing factors to the difficulties faced by EFL secondary school students in their English writing? In my study, the findings showed some contributing factors . Two of thems: 1- curriculum 2- previous learning experiences 1- curriculum [ one page] . I think we should start by a statement showing the importance of curriculum. Then talk about it a s a factor contributing to students’ problems in English writing. ( just put references of the scholar who said that) then reviewing the studies related to learning English then writing skills please just mentions the relation with references. The reviewing studies should show the debate between scholars wether curriculum consider a contributing factors to students problems/ achievement/ improvements etc. Some studies found relations other did not. You need to highlight the similarities and differences between the studies. Also, the context is very important. Start generally then (Asian, African, European contexts) then Arab context. I do not mean that u should present studies from each context but u know the reviewing should be comprehensive and analytical. Please add my voice, draw the conclusions from the studies. 2- Past learning experiences [ one page] The same instructions in the above section about curriculum..Please, I want you to present studies highlighting that previous learning experience is considered a contributing factors to learning English writing. My findings suggest that students complain about their learning experiences that the did not learn English very well including writing skills. Also, the teachers complained about that saying that their students reach the secondary schools without knowing basic knowledge such as some of alphabetical letters. Or some teachers complained how they explain to the students how to use some grammatical rules while many students do not differentiate between nouns and verbs. You know that in the discussion chapter, I will discuss these findings and relate them to the studies you will present here. So please present studies in a synthesised way and the instructions as mentioned above in the curriculum section.