Threats to network communications

   Identify threats to network communications and the use of cryptosystems to protect network traffic.  Describe the risks associated with different layers of connectivity, the needs of a message in transit, and how to plan a network communications structure to meet business objectives.  Define operating system security and its importance.  Describe common operating systems, how to harden them, and their backup and recovery  Identify the differences between data and information, explain the purpose of normalization, and define a data model.  Explain Relational Theory and use basic SQL commands.  Identify attacks to programming languages and mitigation methods to prevent spurious inputs.  Determine the risks in using external Application Programming Interfaces (API) and libraries, specify the threats to the most common programming languages, and, if possible, investigate the programming languages used in your system.