: Volumetric Analysis

Paper details: the report must contain the following : - TITLE PAGE... INTRODUCTION (new section): This section sets the background and scope of the experiment and the report. It should not be a rehash (either copied or paraphrased) from the manual (or any text). Be sure to reference any directly quoted material. First, clearly state the purpose (goal or objective or whatever you want to call it). Define any new terms related to the experiment. Discuss the methods/techniques used to obtain the goal (but don’t discuss the actual steps of the procedure; the actual steps go in the procedure section), but a mention of what technique was done should be made. The chemical equation for any reaction studied in the experiment should always be in the intro. Mathematical equations should not be simply listed in a column (or “grocery list”)...the most important ones should be individually presented and discussed within the text of the intro. Discussion of results do NOT go in the intro (they go in the conclusion/discussion). Written in paragraph format and in past tense. Also refer to p. 2 - 3 of manual. PROCEDURE: actual procedure of what you did for all parts, past tense... paragraph format, no calculations or data in the procedure section… DATA: **ATTACH THE PRINTOUTS IN THE DATA SECTION (There is NO need to recopy any data that appears on the signed printout.) Printout for standardization of NaOH Printout for % acetic acid in Vinegar Create a data table for the unknown acid titrations CALCULATIONS: Show one full calculation of NaOH Molarity Show calculation of average NaOH molarity and average deviation Show ALL calculations for % vinegar Show all calculations for molar mass of the unknown acid Show all calculations for avg dev and % dev of the molar mass For all of the calculations, be sure to show the equations used, plug in the data and show the result…use proper labels, units and significant figures. Remember: the lab notebook carbon pages do NOT qualify for the calc section of the report. DISCUSSION (new section): A discussion consists of 3 things… (all written in complete sentences, past tense & paragraph format) 1) State the result(s) … NaOH ( avg M +/- avg dev) % acid in vinegar Avg molar mass of unknown 2) For each result, also state the expected value(s), compare to your result and comment on this comparison (in terms of accuracy and precision) … 3) Discuss sources of experimental error. Give 3-4 specific sources of experimental error and explain how these would affect the final result. (note: calculations are NOT experimental errors)